This phase II trial studies the effect of nivolumab, combination chemotherapy, and regorafenib in treating patients with HER2-negative esophagus or stomach (esophagogastric) cancer that has spread beyond its original location to other parts of the body (metastatic). Nivolumab is an antibody, like the proteins made by the immune system to protect the body from harm. Nivolumab blocks the protein PD-1 (programmed cell death receptor-1) that usually acts as a “brake” on the immune system. Blocking this protein is like releasing the brakes, so that the immune system can target cancer cells and destroy them. Regorafenib is a type of drug called a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). This drug targets the tyrosine kinase protein found in or on the surface of cancer cells that the cells need to survive and grow. Blocking this protein may stop cancer cells from growing, or cause them to grow more slowly or to shrink. FOLFOX is a combination of three standard chemotherapy drugs (leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) that work by damaging the DNA in cancer cells, which can cause the cells to stop growing and die. Giving nivolumab and regorafenib together with combination chemotherapy may work better than combination chemotherapy alone in treating patients with esophagus or stomach cancer.
Additional locations may be listed on ClinicalTrials.gov for NCT04757363.
See trial information on ClinicalTrials.gov for a list of participating sites.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:
I. Determine the efficacy of nivolumab in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin calcium, oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) and regorafenib in patients with previously untreated metastatic esophagogastric cancer, as measured by 6-month progression free survival (PFS).
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:
I. Establish the safety of nivolumab in combination with FOLFOX and regorafenib in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer.
II. Determine the overall response rate (ORR; defined as complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) and the clinical benefit (defined as stable disease [SD] + CR + PR).
III. Observe other measures of efficacy, including median PFS and overall survival (OS) (median, 1-year).
EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:
I. Collect archival tumor samples for correlative analysis, including but not limited to immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS; Memorial Sloan-Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets [MSK-IMPACT) to identify genomic alterations and tumor mutational burden (TMB).
II. Explore PD-L1 expression as measured by combined positive score (CPS) as a predictive biomarker.
III. Use circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (ctDNA) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected during the course of the study to explore the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to FOLFOX, nivolumab, and regorafenib and the relationship of these mechanisms to response, PFS, and OS.
IV. Bank tumor and blood material at screening and post progression for future correlative analysis, including but not limited to whole-exome analysis to determine the mutation load and specific neoantigen landscape.
V. Explore the activity of induction regorafenib and nivolumab in patients with metastatic esophagogastric cancer.
VI. Use patient biopsy specimens to generate patient-derived organoids (PDOs).
VII. Estimate median PFS and OS in patients who received induction regorafenib and nivolumab.
OUTLINE:
Patients receive nivolumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15 and regorafenib orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-21. Beginning cycle 2, patients also receive oxaliplatin IV, leucovorin calcium IV, and fluorouracil IV over 48 hours on days 1 and 15. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months.
Lead OrganizationMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Principal InvestigatorYelena Y. Janjigian