Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of PD-L1 Gene-Altered Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Inclusion Criteria

• Participants with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of DLBCL will be enrolled in this study * Note: Patients with high-grade B cell lymphomas not otherwise specified and those with MYC and BCL2 translocations (double hit lymphoma) are eligible, as are patients with transformed indolent lymphoma, so long as PD-L1 gene alterations are present
• A male participant must agree to use a contraception as detailed in this protocol during the treatment period, and for at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating sperm during this period
• A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies: * Not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) * A WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment * Patient must have negative pregnancy test within 72 hours of beginning treatment if WOCBP
• The participant (or legally acceptable representative if applicable) provides written informed consent for the trial
• Have measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least two dimensions by computed tomography (CT) scan. Minimum measurement must be > 15 mm in the longest diameter by > 10 mm in the short axis. Lesions situated in a previously irradiated area are considered measurable if radiographic progression has been demonstrated in such lesions
• Participants must have available archived biopsy material (ideally to be performed shortly before enrollment at the time of most recent relapse) for PD-L1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and correlative studies. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks are preferred to slides * Note: If submitting unstained cut slides, newly cut slides should be submitted within 14 days from the date slides are cut if possible
• There is evidence of a PD-L1 gene alteration within lymphoma cells as assessed by FISH
• Participants must have received either: * >= 2 lines of prior systemic therapy * >= 1 line of prior systemic therapy with documented comorbidities that preclude eligibility for standard salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant , or * 1 line of prior therapy with documented disease relapse within 12 months of initial diagnosis * Note: patients having undergone prior chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are eligible, as are patients having received a prior allogeneic transplantation, provided they do not meet any of the exclusionary graft versus host disease (GVHD) criteria, and are at least 5 years removed from the date of their transplant
• Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1. Evaluation of ECOG performance status is to be performed within 14 days prior to the date of treatment allocation
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/uL (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)
• Platelets >= 50,000/uL (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)
• Creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR measured or calculated creatinine clearance (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] can also be used in place of creatinine or creatinine clearance [CrCl]) >= 30 mL/min for participant with creatinine levels > 1.5 x institutional ULN (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN OR direct bilirubin =< ULN for participants with total bilirubin levels > 1.5 x ULN (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2.5 x ULN (=< 5 x ULN for participants with liver metastases) (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)
• International normalized ratio (INR) OR prothrombin time (PT) =< 1.5 x ULN unless participant is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)
• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) =< 1.5 x ULN unless participant is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or aPTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants (within 10 days prior to the date of treatment allocation)

Exclusion Criteria

• A WOCBP who has a positive urine pregnancy test within 72 hours prior to treatment allocation. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required * Note: in the event that 72 hours have elapsed between the screening pregnancy test and the first dose of study treatment, another pregnancy test (urine or serum) must be performed and must be negative in order for subject to start receiving study medication
• Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti PD L2 agent
• Has received chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, or targeted small molecule therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study medication. Subjects must have recovered (=< grade 1) from adverse events related to a previously administered agent (patients with =< grade 2 neuropathy are eligible). Subjects who have previously received CAR T cell therapy are eligible * Note: If a participant received major surgery, he or she must have recovered adequately from complications from the intervention prior to starting study treatment
• Has received prior radiotherapy within 1 week of start of study treatment. Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis
• Has a histologic diagnosis of primary mediastinal lymphoma or gray zone lymphoma
• Has known active central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and/or lymphomatous meningitis. Participants with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are radiologically stable, i.e. without evidence of progression for at least 4 weeks by repeat imaging (note that the repeat imaging should be performed during study screening), clinically stable and without requirement of steroid treatment for at least 14 days prior to first dose of study treatment
• Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (eg, FluMist) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed
• Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment
• Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Short courses of corticosteroids will be allowed for palliation of symptoms related to lymphoma, but must be discontinued within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug
• Subjects having received prior allogeneic stem cell transplant, must be at least 5 years removed from the date of their transplant. They also must have no history of severe (grade 3-4) acute GVHD, and/or current > grade 1 acute GHVD. Subjects must not have active chronic GVHD that requires active immune suppression or more than 10 mg of prednisone/day or equivalent
• Has a history of a solid organ transplant
• Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 3 years. Note: Participants with basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or carcinoma in situ (e.g. breast carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potentially curative therapy are not excluded
• Has severe hypersensitivity (>= grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients
• Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (eg., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
• Has a history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current pneumonitis
• Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
• Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
• Has a known history of hepatitis B (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive) or known active hepatitis C virus (defined as detection of HCV ribonucleic acid [RNA]) infection
• Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus tuberculosis)
• Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the subject’s participation for the full duration of the study, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator
• Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial
• Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment
• Patient is in need of immediate cytoreductive therapy