Table 5. Digestive Tract Late Effects
| Predisposing Therapy | Gastrointestinal Effects | Health Screening/Interventions |
| GVHD = graft-versus-host disease; KUB = kidneys, ureter, bladder (plain abdominal radiograph). | ||
| Radiation impacting esophagus; hematopoietic cell transplantation with any history of chronic GVHD | Esophageal stricture | History: dysphagia, heart burn |
| Esophageal dilation, antireflux surgery | ||
| Radiation impacting bowel | Chronic enterocolitis; fistula; strictures | History: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea |
| Serum protein and albumin levels yearly in patients with chronic diarrhea or fistula | ||
| Surgical and/or gastroenterology consultation for symptomatic patients | ||
| Radiation impacting bowel; laparotomy | Bowel obstruction | History: abdominal pain, distention, vomiting, constipation |
| Exam: tenderness, abdominal guarding, distension (acute episode) | ||
| Obtain KUB in patients with clinical symptoms of obstruction | ||
| Surgical consultation in patients unresponsive to medical management | ||
| Pelvic surgery; cystectomy | Fecal incontinence | History: chronic constipation, fecal soiling |
| Rectal exam | ||
