Table 6. Case-Control Studies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Survival Outcomes
| Study | Population | Controls | Prostate Cancer–Specific Survival | Overall Survival | Comments |
| CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio. | |||||
| Tryggvadóttir et al., 2007 [20] | 30 men diagnosed with prostate cancer who were BRCA2 999del5 founder mutation carriers | 59 men with prostate cancer matched by birth and diagnosis year and confirmed not to carry the BRCA2 999del5 mutation | BRCA2 999del5 mutation was associated with a higher risk of death from prostate cancer (HR, 3.42; 95% CI, 2.12–5.51), which remained after adjustment for tumor stage and grade (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.08–5.11). | Not assessed | |
| Edwards et al., 2010 [23] | 21 men diagnosed with prostate cancer who harbored a BRCA2 mutation: 6 with early-onset disease (≤55 y) from a UK prostate cancer study and 15 unselected for age at diagnosis from a UK clinical series | 1,587 age- and stage-matched men with prostate cancer | Not assessed | Overall survival was lower in BRCA2 mutation carriers (4.8 y) than in noncarriers (8.5 y); in noncarriers, HR, 2.14 ( 95% CI, 1.28–3.56; P = .003). | |
| Gallagher et al., 2010 [16] | 832 AJ men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 1988 and 2007, of which there were 6 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 20 BRCA2 mutation carriers | 454 AJ men with no history of cancer | After adjusting for stage, PSA, Gleason score, and therapy received: | Not assessed | The BRCA1 5382insC founder mutation was not tested in this series. |
| BRCA1 185delAG mutation carriers had a greater risk of death due to prostate cancer (HR, 5.16; 95% CI, 1.09–24.53; P = .001). | |||||
| BRCA2 6174delT mutation had a greater risk of death due to prostate cancer (HR, 5.48; 95% CI, 2.03–14.79; P = .001). | |||||
| Thorne et al., 2011 [24] | 40 men diagnosed with prostate cancer who were BRCA2 mutation carriers from 30 familial breast cancer families from Australia and New Zealand | 97 men from 89 familial breast cancer families from Australia and New Zealand with prostate cancer and no BRCA mutation found in the family | BRCA2 carriers were shown to have an increased risk of prostate cancer–specific mortality (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.12–9.52; P = 8.9 × 10-5), compared with noncarrier controls. | BRCA2 carriers were shown to have an increased risk of death (HR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.64–6.14; P = 3.0 × 10-4), compared with noncarrier controls. | There were too few BRCA1 carriers available to include in the analysis. |
References
- Gallagher DJ, Gaudet MM, Pal P, et al.: Germline BRCA mutations denote a clinicopathologic subset of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16 (7): 2115-21, 2010. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Tryggvadóttir L, Vidarsdóttir L, Thorgeirsson T, et al.: Prostate cancer progression and survival in BRCA2 mutation carriers. J Natl Cancer Inst 99 (12): 929-35, 2007. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Edwards SM, Evans DG, Hope Q, et al.: Prostate cancer in BRCA2 germline mutation carriers is associated with poorer prognosis. Br J Cancer 103 (6): 918-24, 2010. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Thorne H, Willems AJ, Niedermayr E, et al.: Decreased prostate cancer-specific survival of men with BRCA2 mutations from multiple breast cancer families. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 4 (7): 1002-10, 2011. [PUBMED Abstract]
