Table 3. Case-Control Studies in Ashkenazi Jewish Populations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Prostate Cancer Risk
| Study | Population | Controls | Mutation Frequency (BRCA1) | Mutation Frequency (BRCA2) | Prostate Cancer Risk (BRCA1) | Prostate Cancer Risk (BRCA2) | Comments |
| AJ = Ashkenazi Jewish; CI = confidence interval; MECC = Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer; OR = odds ratio; WAS = Washington Ashkenazi Study. | |||||||
| Guisti et al., 2003 [13] | 979 consecutive AJ men from Israel diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1994 and 1995 | Prevalence of founder mutations compared with age-matched controls >50 years with no history of prostate cancer from the WAS study and the MECC study from Israel | Cases: 16 (1.7%) | Cases: 14 (1.5%) | 185delAG: OR, 2.52 (95% CI, 1.05–6.04) | OR, 2.02 (95% CI, 0.16–5.72) | There was no evidence of unique or specific histopathology findings within the mutation-associated prostate cancers. |
| Controls: 11 (0.81%) | Controls: 10 (0.74%) | 5282insC: OR, 0.22 (95% CI, 0.16–5.72) | |||||
| Kirchoff et al., 2004 [14] | 251 unselected AJ men treated for prostate cancer between 2000 and 2002 | 1,472 AJ men with no history of cancer | Cases: 5 (2.0%) | Cases: 8 (3.2%) | OR, 2.20 (95% CI, 0.72–6.70) | OR, 4.78 (95% CI, 1.87–12.25) | |
| Controls: 12 (0.8%) | Controls: 16 (1.1%) | ||||||
| Agalliu et al., 2009 [15] | 979 AJ men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1978 and 2005 (mean and median year of diagnosis: 1996) | 1,251 AJ men with no history of cancer | Cases: 12 (1.2%) | Cases: 18 (1.9%) | OR, 1.39 (95% CI, 0.60–3.22) | OR, 1.92 (95% CI, 0.91–4.07) | Gleason score 7–10 prostate cancer was more common in BRCA1 mutation carriers (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 0.84–5.86) and BRCA2 mutation carriers (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.62–6.24) than in controls. |
| Controls: 11 (0.9%) | Controls: 12 (1.0%) | ||||||
| Gallagher et al., 2010 [16] | 832 AJ men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 1988 and 2007 | 454 AJ men with no history of cancer | Noncarriers: 806 (96.9%) | Noncarriers: 447 (98.5%) | OR, 0.38 (95% CI, 0.05–2.75) | OR, 3.18 (95% CI, 1.52–6.66) | The BRCA1 5382insC founder mutation was not tested in this series, so it is likely that some carriers of this mutation were not identified. Consequently, BRCA1-related risk may be underestimated. Gleason score 7–10 prostate cancer was more common in BRCA2 mutation carriers (85%) than in noncarriers (57%); P = .0002. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers had significantly greater risk of recurrence and prostate cancer–specific death than did noncarriers. |
| Cases: 6 (0.7%) | Cases: 20 (2.4%) | ||||||
| Controls: 4 (0.9%) | Controls: 3 (0.7%) | ||||||
References
- Giusti RM, Rutter JL, Duray PH, et al.: A twofold increase in BRCA mutation related prostate cancer among Ashkenazi Israelis is not associated with distinctive histopathology. J Med Genet 40 (10): 787-92, 2003. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Kirchhoff T, Kauff ND, Mitra N, et al.: BRCA mutations and risk of prostate cancer in Ashkenazi Jews. Clin Cancer Res 10 (9): 2918-21, 2004. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Agalliu I, Gern R, Leanza S, et al.: Associations of high-grade prostate cancer with BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations. Clin Cancer Res 15 (3): 1112-20, 2009. [PUBMED Abstract]
- Gallagher DJ, Gaudet MM, Pal P, et al.: Germline BRCA mutations denote a clinicopathologic subset of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16 (7): 2115-21, 2010. [PUBMED Abstract]
